The Valley of the Shadow


Valley of the Shadow Master Bibliography
Manuscripts Newspapers Government Documents Accounts, Memoirs Articles
Theses, Dissertations Books, Monographs Free Black History Religious History African-Am. Religion
Anabaptist, et. al. Baptist Disciples of Christ Judaism Lutheran
Methodist Presbyterian Roman Catholic Augusta Church History Franklin Church History
Military History Union Military History Confederate Military History Material Culture Census History
Photographic History Augusta History Franklin History



Primary Sources

Manuscript Collections:

University of Virginia
McCue Family Papers
Bumgardner Family Papers
Alexander H. H. Stuart Family Papers
Letters of Casper C. Branner, 1860-1864
Smiley Family Papers
Business records of Augusta Co.
Rogers Family Papers
Strickler Family Papers
Kelly Walker Trimble Papers
McGuffin Family Papers
Bell Family Papers
Bowman Family Papers
Harnsburger Family Papers
William E. Bibb Papers
Stuart-Baldwin Papers
Carr Family
Francis McFarland Papers
James Patton Papers
Pilson Family Papers
Harrison Family Papers
Argosy Collection
A. B. McCorkle Letters
Garber Family Papers
Wilson Family Papers
B. S. Brooke Letter
Diary of Joseph A. Waddell

Valley of the Shadow, Virginia Center for Digital History
Diary of Abraham Essick
Letters to Henry Bitner
Diary of Anna Mellinger
Diary of Nancy Emerson
Nelly Clayton Letter
Lewellyn Meriwether Humphris Letter
Harman Family Letters
Downey Family Papers
James Poage's Business Papers
Brooks Family Letters
Diary of Andrew Brooks

U. S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, Carlisle, Pa.
Civil War Miscellaneous Collection; Alvin H. Alexander, 103rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
Civil War Miscellaneous Collection; Reynolds Laughlin, 103rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
Civil War Miscellaneous Collection; Reynolds Laughlin, 103rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
Civil War Miscellaneous Collection; Foster Family
Civil War Miscellaneous Collection; Samuel Z. Maxwell, 21st Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment
Civil War Miscellaneous Collection; Sylvester McElheney Letters
Civil War Miscellaneous; Samuel W. North, Co. C, 126th, Pennsylvania Infantry
Civil War Miscellaneous; Diary of Franklin Rankin
Harrisburg Civil War Round Table; Henry M. Erisman, Company K 77th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
Harrisburg Civil War Round Table collection; Hamer, John & Samuel, 191st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
Harrisburg Civil War Round Table 1862; Charles W. Spire; Letter from Joseph B. Sweigart 107th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
Harrisburg Civil War Round Table collection; Henry C. Metzger, 16th and 184th Penna. Infantry
Peter Boyer Collection
James A. Carman Correspondence
Lucius P. Mox Correspondence
Christian Geisel Collection, Microfilm, MG226

Pennsylvania State Archives, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission
Civil War Material, Misc. Diaries & Letter, Microfilm, MG-132
Samuel Potter Letters
Bob Taggart Letters
Diary David Wagner
Diary of Jonah Yoder
Bloss Family Collection

National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
Letters of Charles L. Smith, 69th Pa., Compiled Military Service Records
Letters from the 126th Pa. Compiled Military Service Records
Pension Record of Wesley Krunkleton #114,824 (The David and Mary Demus Letters)
Pension Record of Augustus Hover, 107th Regiment
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, Research Group 105, Box E4269
Southern Claims Commission Records, Disallowed, Allowed, and Referred Claims for Augusta County, Virginia

Virginia Military Institute Archives
Henry H. Dedrick Papers
John H. Ervine Letter
Michael G. Harman Papers
Jacob Kent Langhorne Papers
Cyrus B. Coiner Letters
Dunlap Family Papers
John D. Imboden Papers
John D. Ross Letters

Library of Virginia
Lilley Family Papers
Francis H. Pierpont Executive Papers

Stuart Hall Alumni Association
Diary of Sarah Cordelia Wright

University of Kentucky
John Daniel Imboden Papers

Washington and Lee University
John Paul Dull Letters
Francis McFarland Papers
John D. Ross Letters

William and Mary College
Benjamin F. Walker Account Book
Joseph Wilson Ledger
Mossy Creek Sons of Temperance Papers
Merchant (anonymous) Ledger
Samuel Paul Letters
Mt. Solon Merchant Ledger
Mossy Creek Mills Ledger
Hirshes & Webb Ledger
John L. Beard Ledger

Woodrow Wilson Birthplace and Museum
Material Histories, Continuous Threads: Antebellum and Present-day Quilts of the Upper Shenandoah Valley

Dickinson College
Spencer-Dill Papers
Thomas Creigh Letters
John Andrew Creswell Letters

University of North Carolina
Thomas L. Ware Diary
Achilles James Tynes Papers
J. Kelly Bennette Papers
Alfred Papers
Kenton Harper Papers
Francis McFarland Papers
Wilson Family Papers
Henry William Falson Papers

Duke University Library
Marshall Clayton Stoner Papers
Adam D. Dunlop Letters
Eli Long Letters
James F. Lowman Letters
William E. Tolbert Letters
Heister Family Papers

Wisconsin Historical Society
Smiley Family Papers

Virginia Tech
Diary of Harvey Bear

Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania National Battlefield Park
James E. Beard Diary
Diary of James M. Cadwallander

Library of Congress
Jedediah Hotchkiss Papers
Edward McPherson Papers
Thaddeus Stevens Compiled Collection
Simon Cameron Papers

York County Historical Society
Miller Collection

North Carolina Archives
Stephen Dodson Ramseur Papers
J. H. S. Funk Papers

Augusta County Historical Society
Diary of Michael Reid Hanger
Memoir of Captain Samuel Brown Coyner
Memoir of Alansa Rounds Sterrett

Kittochtinny Historical Society Papers, Mercersburg, Pennsylvania
Diary of William Heyser, The Kittochtinny Historical Society Papers
Letters of Samuel W. North, The Kittochtinny Historical Society Papers
The Late Seth Dickey, The Kittochtinny Historical Society Papers
Civil War Days In Mercersburg as Related in the Diary of the Rev. Thomas Creigh, D.D., The Kittochtinny Historical Society Papers

Augusta County Historical Society Bulletin
Author Unknown. "Contributed by Mrs. Houston I. Todd." Vol. 14, no. 1. (Civil War letter)
Author Unknown. "Life at Mossy Creek Academy." Vol. 14, no. 2. (letter from a mid- nineteenth century student)
Author Unknown. "Old Time Life in Augusta County." Vol. 6, no. 1. (Reprint from 1887 Staunton Vindicator)
Author Unknown. "The Trotter Home and Tavern." Vol. 23, no. 2.
Brady, James W. "Teasville to Waynesboro." Part I in Vol. 27, no.2; Part II in Vol. 28, no. 1.
Brice, Dr. Marshall Moore. "Augusta County During the Civil War." Vol. 1 (1964).
Bushman, Katherine G. "Old Homes of Augusta County, Part III." Vol. 9, no. 2.
Bushman, Katherine Gentry. "Mercersville." Vol. 18, no. 1.
Clem, Gladys B. "Old Homes of Augusta County: Belmont Farm." Vol. 7, no. 1.
Clem, Gladys B. "Old Homes of Augusta County: Grey Gables." Vol. 6, no. 1.
Cunningham, Kevin. "The Battle of Waynesboro." Vol. 20, no. 2.
Cutter, Bowman. "The Middlebrook Charge and the Moffetts Creek German Reformed Congregation." Vol. 21, no. 1.
Difenthaler, Jon. "Lutheranism and Religious Pluralism in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley." Vol. 19, no. 2.
Driver, Col. Robert J. "Diary of Lieutenant Colonel John Doak Lilley, 52nd Regiment Virginia Volunteers, 1861-64." Part I in Vol. 27, no. 2; Part II in ?; Part III in Vol. 28, no. 1.
Fishburne, Elliott Guthrie. "Early Civil War Days in Waynesboro." Vol. 10, no. 1. (Reminscences re: founding of Co. E, 1st VaValley Rangers)
Hamrick, Richard M., Jr. "Mills and Milling in Augusta County." Vol. 18, no. 2.
Hamrick, Richard M., Jr. "Three Questions." Vol. 8, no. 1. (Letters from soldier in hospital in Staunton)
Hanger, Frank C. "Mount Tabor Lutheran Church." Vol. 25, no. 2.
Hannah, Sally O. and Wayne D. "History of the Laurel Hill Baptist Church." Vol. 21, no. 2.
Harris, Scott H. "'And the Band Played On': The Stonewall Brigade Band and its 125 Years of Service to Staunton, Virginia, and the Nation." Vol. 17, no. 1.
Hawke, George. "History of Once-Important Mount Torry Furnace Traced." Vol. 14, no. 1.
Hite, Samuel P. Letter tto Henry C. Hite, 20 July 1862. Vol. 23, no. 2.
Huffer, Donna R. "A History of Spring Hill." Vol. 21, no. 2.
Huffer, Donna R. "History of Parnassus United Methodist Church and Parnassus Cemetery." Vol. 29, no. 1.
Huffer, Donna R. "The Story of One Log Cabin on Bull Creek." Vol. 24, no. 1.
"Index to Accounts of J. E. Bolen & Co., Mt. Solon, VA. (1859-1889)" Vol. 20, no. 1.
Jones, Martha Dabney. "History of Stuart Hall." Vol. 5, no. 1.
Keller, Kenneth W. "The Higher Education of Women in Staunton and Augusta County." Vol. 23, no. 1.
McCleary, Ann. "Old Homes of Augusta County: A Survey." Vol. 19, no. 1.
Newlon, Howard, Jr. "The Evolution of Transportation in Virginia." Vol. 16, no. 1.
Patrick, Dr. Jame B. "Jedediah Hotchkiss: Rebel Mapmaker and Virginia Businessman, as Portrayed by Peter W. Roper." Vol. 28, no. 2.
Patterson, C. Gordon. "Stuarts Draft, Virginia." Vol. 20, no. 2.
"Peyton Bible Records." Vol. 27, no. 2.
Reinhold, Dorothy Anne. "Old Waynesboro in Pictures." Part I in Vol. 14, no. 2.
Shutty, Dr. Michael S., Jr. "A History of Greenville as Reflected by the McGilvray- Hanger House, Circa 1818." Vol. 28, no. 2.
Simmons, J. Susanne. "Who Was Thomas Garber That We Should Weep For Him." Part I in Vol. 26, no. 1; Part II in Vol. 26, no. 2.
Wilson, James W. "The Mossy Creek Iron Works." Vol. 30, no. 2.
Wooddell, James Howard. "A History of Mt. Solon." Vol. 20, no. 1.
Yount, Joseph B., III. "Our Presbyterian History: A Heritage of Devotion." Vol. 24, no.2.

Waynesboro Library
Albert Miller Diary
"Waynesboro in Civil War Days"
Diary of DeWitt Clinton Gallaher, A Diary Depicting the Experiences of DeWitt Clinton Gallaher in the War Between the States While Serving in the Confederate Army

James Madison University
D. C. Snyder Letters

Private Collections
Jacob Hildebrand Diary
Alexander S. Coffman Letters
James L. McCowan Diary
Robert P. Bryarly Diary

Photographic Collections:


U. S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, Carlisle, Pa.
Harper's Weekly, Alderman Library, Special Collections, University of Virginia
Frank Leslies' Illustrated, Alderman Library, Special Collections, University of Virginia
Illustrated London News, Alderman Library, Special Collections, University of Virginia
Southern Illustrated News, Alderman Library, Special Collections, University of Virginia
Virginia Military Institute Photograph Collection
Washington and Lee University Photograph Collection
Alderman Library, Special Collections, University of Virginia

Maps Collections:


Map of Augusta County, Virginia, surveyed by Jedediah Hotchkiss. Maps of the Counties of Virginia. Richmond: Washington Collge Board of Survey, 1870. Alderman Library, Special Collections, University of Virginia.
Illustrated Historical Atlas of Augusta County, Virginia, 1885. Original surveys by Jedediah Hotchkiss. Chicago: Waterman, Watkins & Co., 1885. Reprint Augusta County Historical Society, 1980.
Atlas of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, surveyed by D. H. Davison. Greencastle, Pa.: Reiley & Hoffman, 1858. Pennsylvania State Archives. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
Atlas of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, surveyed by D. H. Davison. Greencastle, Pa.: Reiley & Hoffman, 1868. Reprint The Bookmark, 1976.

Church Records:


St. Francis of Assisi Church, Augusta County, Virginia
Trinity Episcopal Church, Staunton, Virginia
First Presbyterian Church, Staunton, Virginia
St. John German Reformed Lutheran Church, Augusta County, Virginia
Burnt Cabins Presbyterian Church, Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Lower Path Valley Presbyterian Church, Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Salem Evangelical Lutheran Church, Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Second Evangelical Lutheran Church, Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church, Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Mount Zion Lutheran Church, Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Reformed Mennonite Church, Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Falling Spring Presbyterian Church, Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Waynesboro Methodist Episcopal Church, Franklin County, Pennsylvania
St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania

Newspapers:


Franklin Repository and Transcript, 1859-1861
Chambersburg Valley Spirit, 1859-61
Staunton Spectator, 1857-1861
Staunton Republican Vindicator, 1859-1861
Chambersburg Semi-Weekly Dispatch, 1862-1863
New York Tribune, 1860-61
Baltimore American, 1860-61
Richmond Enquirer, 1860-61
Harrisburg Telegraph, 1859-61
Kauffman's Progressive
Pennsylvania Daily Telegraph

Government Documents:

U. S. Census Office, Eighth Census [1860]. Population of the United States in 1860, Compiled from the Original Returns of the Eighth Census. Washington, D. C., 1864.

U. S. Census Office, Eighth Census [1860]. U. S. Population Census, manuscript, Augusta County, Virginia, and Franklin County, Pennsylvania.

U. S. Census Office, Eighth Census [1860]. U. S. Agricultural Census, manuscript, Augusta County, Virginia, and Franklin County, Pennsylvania.

U. S. Census Office, Eighth Census [1860]. U. S. Manufacturing Census, manuscript, Augusta County, Virginia, and Franklin County, Pennsylvania.

U. S. Census Office, Eighth Census [1860]. U. S. Slaveholders Census, manuscript, Augusta County, Virginia.

U. S. Census Office, Eighth Census [1870]. Population of the United States in 1860, Compiled from the Original Returns of the Eighth Census. Washington, D. C., 1864.

U. S. Census Office, Eighth Census [1870]. U. S. Population Census, manuscript, Augusta County, Virginia, and Franklin County, Pennsylvania.

U. S. Census Office, Eighth Census [1870]. U. S. Agricultural Census, manuscript, Augusta County, Virginia, and Franklin County, Pennsylvania.

U. S. Census Office, Eighth Census [1870]. U. S. Manufacturing Census, manuscript, Augusta County, Virginia, and Franklin County, Pennsylvania.

U. S. Census Office, Eleventh Census [1890]. Special Census of U.S. Veterans. Augusta County, Virginia and Franklin County, Pennsylvania.

Staunton City Tax Digest, 1857 and 1860, City of Staunton, Virginia.

Chambersburg City Tax Digest, 1860, City of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.

Augusta County Cohabitation Records, Clerk of the Court of Augusta County.

Register of Free Blacks, 1803-1865, Augusta County.

Department of the Auditor General. Records Relating to the Civil War Border Claims Applications, 1866-1868. Microfilm at Pennsylvania Historical Museum & Commission.

Mutual Assurance Society Against Fire on Buildings of the State of Virginia. Richmond. 1850-1860. Microform. University of Virginia.

Books, Accounts and Memoirs:

A Mennonite Journal, 1862-1865: A Father's Account of the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley, ed. by John R. Hildebrand. Shippensburg, Pa.: Burd Street Press, 1996.

A Virginia Yankee in the Civil War: The Diaries of David Hunter Strother, edited by Cecil D. Eby, Jr. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1961.

Augusta Female Seminary. University of North Carolina, Southern Historical Collection.

Author unknown. "John Brown's Insurrection. (Letters received by Henry Wise)" Tyler's Quarterly Magazine 9 (1927-8): 248-250.

Author unknown. "Sheridan's Raiders." WMQ 1:17 (1908-09): 285-294.

Author unknown. "Sketches of Staunton and Lexington." Virginia Historical Register 4 (1850-51): 220-225.

Author unknown. "The Mineral Wealth of Augusta." Virginia Historical Register 6 (1853): 235-236.

Author unknown. "The Shenandoah River." VHM 24 (1921): 414.

Bates, Samuel. History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania. Chicago: Warner, Beers & Co., 1887.

Beers, D. G. Atlas of Franklin County, Pennsylvania: From Actual Surveys. Philadelphia: Pomeroy & Beers, 1868.

Beyer, Edward. Album of Virginia: Illustrations of the Old Dominion. Richmond, 1858.

Biographical Annals of Franklin County, Pennsylvania. Chicago: The Genealogical Publishing Co., 1905.

Blockson, Charles L. The Underground Railroad in Pennsylvania. Jacksonville, NC: Flame International, Inc., 1981.

________. Hippocrene Guide to the Underground Railroad. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1994.

Bluegrass Confederate: The Headquarters Diary of Edward O. Guerrant. ed. by William C. Davis and Meredith I. Swentor. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1999.

Bender, Lida Welsh Bender. "TROOPS FROM BOTH NORTH AND SOUTH TROD STREETS OF WAYNESBORO DURING THE HECTIC CIVIL WAR YEARS. Tragic aftermath of battles also witnessed by Residents," The Outlook, June 24, 1925.

Bremer, Fredrika. The Homes of the New World: Impressions of America. vol. 2. Trans. Mary Howitt. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1854.

Browne, Peter A. Report on the State Geological Expedition. 1833? 10 (pub. 1892): 587-592.

Boyle, MD, Wm. H. to the Governor (letter re Chambersburg/Harpers Ferry). 11 (pub. 1893): 74-75.

Colt, Margaretta Barton. Defend the Valley: A Shenandoah Family in the Civil War. New York: Orion Books, 1994.

Coffin, C.C. The Boys of '61, or Four Years of Fighting. Boston, 1883.

Conrad, William P. Glory Land: A History of Greencastle's Negro Community. Shippensburg, PA: Beidel Printing House, 1983.

Rachel Cormany Diary The Cormany Diaries: A Northern Family in the Civil War, James C. Mohr, editor; Richard E. Winslow, III, assistant editor (University of Pittsburg Press Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, 1982)

Donehoo, Dr. George P., ed. History of the Cumberland Valley in Pennsylvania. 2 vols. Harrisburg: Susquehanna History Association, 1930.

Cottrell E. D. Letter from camp in Staunton, April 1862. In "Confederate Letters." Tyler's Quarterly Magazine 10 (January, 1929): 185-186.

Eckenrode, H. J. "Review of Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart by Alexander F. Robertson." WMQ 2:6 (1926): 166-168

Fries, Stella M., Janet Z. Gabler, and The Reverend C. Bernard Ruffin. Some Chambersburg Roots: A Black Perspective. 1980.

Gillian, W. Rush. "The Judiciary of Franklin County." A paper read before the Kittochtinny Historical Society, 26 January 1911. Penn State University Library.

Gordon, Armistead C. Staunton, Virginia: Its Past, Present, and Future. New York: South Publishing Co., 1890.

Grinnan, Daniel. "Review of Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart by Alexander F. Robertson." Virginia Historical Magazine 34 (1926): 193-194.

Handbook of the First Presbyterian Church. UNC-SHC.

History of Hebron Presbyterian Church. UNC-SHC.

Jung, Hans and John Walter Wayland. "The Germans of the Valley." Begins in Virginia Historical Magazine 9 (1901-1902): 339-352. Continued in Virginia Historical Magazine 10 (1902): 33-48. Concluded in Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 10 (October, 1902): 113-130.

Hunsecker, Catherine. "Civil War Reminiscences," Christian Monitor 16 (January 1924): 406-407.

Hutton, A. J. White. Some Historical Data Concerning the History of Chambersburg. Chambersburg: Franklin Repository, 1930.

Kemper, Charles E. "The Valley Settlements" and "Early Settlers in the Valley of Virginia." WMQ 2:6 (1926): 55-62. Also in WMQ 2:5 (1924):259-265.

Lanman, Charles. Letters From the Allegheny Mountains. New York: George Putnam, 1849.

Make Me a Map of the Valley: The Civil War Journal of Stonewall Jackson's Topographer, edited by Archie P. McDonald. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1973.

McCarl, Timothy L. Rhythms of Life in a Southcentral Pennsylvania Rural Community: Individual and Family Life in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, During the Late Nineteenth Century. MA Thesis, Shippensburg University, 1985.

McCauley, I. H. Historical Sketch of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, prepared for the Centennial Celebration. 2nd edition, enlarged. Harrisburg: Patriot Publishing Company, 1878.

McDonald, Cornelia. A Diary With Reminiscences of the War and Refugee Life in the Shenandoah Valley, 1860-1865. 1934.

McGuire, Judith W. Diary of a Southern Refugee During the War, Arno Press, 1972 reprint, originally published in 1867.

McCauley, Clay M. "From Chancellorsville to Libby Prison." Glimpses of the National Struggle. St. Paul: Mollns, Minnesota, 1887.

McClure, A.K. Old Time Notes of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: John C. Winston Company, 1905. Vol I, Chapt. XXXVI, "The Preliminary Battle of 1860." Vol II, Chapt LXVI, "The Burning of Chambersburg" and Chapt LXVII, "The Border War Claims."

McClure, Alexander K. "The October Contest! Shall Free Trade be the Settled Policy of this Government?" Address made in Philadelphia, PA, September 5, 1860."

Montgomery, William Erdmann. One Hundred and Fifty Years of Freemasonry in Chambersburg, Pa. 1859.

Mount Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church: A Brief Historical Sketch and Program. 1939. DU.

The War of the Rebellion: Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1891.

Porte Crayon. Virginia Illustrated: Containing a visit to the Virginian Canaan, and the adventures of Porte Crayon and his cousins. New York: Harper, 1871.

Schenck, B.S. The Burning of Chambersburg, Pa. Philadelphia, 1865.

Scott, W. S. "The John Brown Letters (Found in the Virginia State Library in 1901)." Begins in VHM 9 (April 1902): 385-395. Continued in 10 (October 1902): 17-32 and 161-176; 10 (January 1903): 273-282; 10 (April 1903): 383-389; 11 (July 1903).

Sims, William Gilmore. Southward Ho! Spell of Sunshine. Redfield, New York, 1854.

Shadows on My Heart: The Civil War Diary of Lucy Rebecca Buck of Virginia, edited by Elizabeth R. Baer. Athens and London: University of Georgia Press, 1997.

Still, William. The Underground Railroad. Philadelphia: People's Publishing Company, 1879.

Strother, David. Virginia Illustrated: Containing A Visit to the Virginia Canaan and the Adventures of Porte Crayon and his Cousins. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1871.

Trush, Ambrose Watts, M. D. Medicine Men of Franklin County, 1750-1925. Medical Society of Franklin Co., 1928.

Secondary Sources

Articles:

Andrews, J. Cutler. "The Pennsylvania Press During the Civil War." Pennsylvania History 9 (1942): 22-36.

Bloom, Robert L. "Kansas and Popular Sovereignty in Pennsylvania Newspapers, 1856- 1860." Pennsylvania History 14 (April 1947): 77-93.

Bloom, Robert L. "'We Never Expected a Battle:' Civilians at Gettysburg." Pennsylvania History October, 1988, 161-201.

Coddington, Edwin B. "Pennsylvania Prepares for Invasion, 1863." Pennsylvania History 31 (April 1964): 157-175.

Coddington, Edwin B. "Prelude to Gettysburg: The Confederates Plunder Pennsylvania." Pennsylvania History 30 (April 1963): 123-157.

Curry, Duncan. "Men of Eminence Born in Staunton and Augusta County." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 53 (1945): 43-52.

Coffman, Ralph Stewart. "The Civil War Diary of Alexander Stewart Coffman." Augusta Historical Bulletin, vol. 28 (Fall 1992): 18-28.

Eby, Cecil D. ed. "The Last Hours of the John Brown Raid: TheNarrative of David H. Strother." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 73 (1965): 169-177.

Everett, Edward G. "Pennsylvania Newspapers and Public Opinion, 1861-62." Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine 44 (March 1961): 1-11.

Everett, Edward G. "Pennsylvana Raises an Army, 1861." Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine 39 (Summer 1956): 83-108.

Hoyt, William D. Jr. "Journey to the Springs, 1846." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 54 (1946): 119-136.

Kean, J. Randolph. "The Development of the 'Valley Line' of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 60 (1952): 537-550.

McDonald, Maj. Edward H. "I Felt a Ball Strike Me, I Could Not Tell Where." Civil War Times Illustrated, vol. VII, No. 3 (June 1968): 28-35.

Moore, Rayburn S. ed. "John Brown's Raid at Harper's Ferry: An Eyewitness Accout by Charles White." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 67 (October 1959): 387-395.

Myers, C. Maxwell. "The Influence of Western Pennsylvania in the Campaign of 1860." Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine 24 (December 1941): 229-250.

Piston, William Garrett. "'The Rebs Are Yet Thick About Us' The Civil War Diary of Amos Stouffer of Chambersburg." Civil War History, vol. XXXVIII, No. 3, 1992, 210-231.

Simmons, J. Susanne and Nancy T. Sorrells. "Slave Hire and the Development of Slavery in Augusta County, Virginia," in After the Backcountry: Rural Life in the Great Valley of Virginia, 1800-1900, ed. by Kenneth E. Koons and Warren R. Hofstra. University of Tennessee Press, 2000.

Smith, Everard H. "Chambersburg: Anatomy of a Confederate Reprisal," American Historical Review 96 (April 1991): 432-455.

Sowle, Patrick. "The Trials of a Virginia Unionist: William Cabell Rives and the Secession Crisis, 1860-61." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 80, no. 1 (January 1972): 3-20.

Stutler, Boyd B., ed. "From Muddlety to Appomattox, A First Person Account." Civil War Times Illustrated, vol. 4, no. 10, February 1966, 36-48.

Trautman, Frederic. "Western Pennsylvania Through A German's Eyes: The Travels of Franz Von Loher, 1846." Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine 65 (July 1982): 221-237.

Theses and Dissertations:

Alexander, Ted. McCausland's raid and the burning of Chambersburg. M.A. Thesis, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1988.

Armbrister, David Mason. A Study of Political Parties in Virginia During the Civil War. M.A. Thesis, Richmond College, 1958.

Barksdale, Harriette Myrtle. Contemporary Opinion of John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry, October, 1859 to February, 1860. M.A. Thesis, Howard University, 1939.

Boehm, Robert Blair. The Civil War in Western Virginia: The Decisive Campaigns of 1861. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University, 1957.

Brown, Charles Kenneth. The Wesleyan Female Institute: A College for Young Women under the Auspices of the Baltimore Conference, Methodist Episcopal Church, Staunton, Virginia, 1846-1897. M.A. Thesis, University of Virginia, 1936.

Campbell, James Wright. The Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. M.A. Thesis, Columbia University, 1921.

Coleman, Elizabeth Dabney. The Story of the Virginia Central Railroad, 1850-60. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia, 1957.

Drewry, William Sidney. Slave Insurrections in Virginia (1850-65). Ph.D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 1900.

Hart, Elizabeth Virginia. German Community in Virginia. M.A. Thesis, Columbia University, 1928.

Hudson, George Donald. Augusta County, Virginia--A Study of Patterns. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1934.

Lesperance, Michael D. "Fighting for the Union: The Political Culture of Anti- Sectionalism in Augusta County, Virginia, 1850-1861. M.A. Thesis, University of Virginia, 1993.

McCarl, Timothy L. "Rhythms of Life in a Southcentral Pennsylvania Rural Community: Individual and Family Life in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania." M.A. Thesis, Shippensburg University, 1985.

Miller, Leroy C. The Shenandoah Valley in Virgina: An Economic-Geographic Interpretation. Ph.D. dissertation, George Peabody, 1938.

Peters, Eleanor Stone. Franklin County in the Civil War. M.A. Thesis, Penn State University, 1933.

Phillips, Edward Hamilton. The Lower Shenandoah Valley During the Civil War: The Impact of War upon the Civilian Population and upon Civil Institutions. Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Carolina, 1958.

Rugh, Susan S. "Those Who Labor in the Earth: The Families and Farms of Fountain Green, Illinois, 1830-1880." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1993.

Sarles, Frank Benton. Trade of the Valley of Virginia, 1789-1860. M.A., University of Virginia, 1951.

Simmons, J. Susanne. They Too Were Here: African Americans in Augusta County, Virginia, 1790-1865. M.A., James Madison University, 1994.

Sorrells, Nancy T. I Mourn in Bitterness Over the State of Things: Francis McFarland's Community at War, 1860-1866. M.A., James Madison University, 1995.

Thompson, Paul Singer. The Summer Campaign in the Lower Valley, 1864. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia, 1866.

Torget, Andrew J. "For the Defence of Our State": Unionism and Secession in the Valley of Virginia. M.A., University of Virginia, 2002.

Wayland, John Walter. The German Element of the Shenadoah Valley of Virginia. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia, 1907.

Books:

Alexander, Ted. Southern revenge! : Civil War history of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. Greater Chambersburg Chamber of Commerce ; Shippensburg, PA : White Mane Pub. Co., 1989.

--------. The 126th Pennsylvania. Shippensburg, Pa. : Beidel Printing House, Inc., 1984.

--------, ed. When War Passed This Way by William P. Conrad. Shippensburg, Pa. : Beidel Printing House, Inc., 1982.

Ambrosius, Lloyd E. (ed.). A Crisis of Republicanism: American Politics in the Civil War Era.Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1990.

Army Official Records CD-ROM. Wilmington, NC: Broadfoot Publishing Company, 1997.

Ashworth, John. "Agrarians" and "Aristocrats": Party Political Ideology in the United States, 1837-1846. London: Royal Historical Sociey, 1983.

Blair, William A. Virginia's Private War: Feeding Body and Soul in the Confederacy, 1861-1865. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Beringer, Richard E., et al. Why the South Lost the Civil War. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986.

Clark, Champ. Decoying the Yanks: Jackson's Valley Campaign. Alexandria: Time-Life Books, 1984.

Craven, Avery. The Growth of Southern Nationalism, 1848-1861. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1953.

Crofts, Daniel W. Old Southhampton: Politics and Society in a Virginia County, 1834-1869. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1992.

--------. Reluctant Confederates: Upper South Unionists in the Secession Crisis. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1989.

Davis, William C. First Blood: Fort Sumter to Bull Run. Alexandria: Time-Life Books, 1983.

Driver, Robert J. 52nd Virginia Infantry. Lynchburg: H. E. Howard, 1986.

Gallagher, Gary W. The Confederate War: How Popular Will, Nationalism, and Military Strategy Could Not Stave Off Defeat. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.

Grimsley, Mark. The Hard Hand of War: Union Military Policy Toward Southern Civilians, 1861-1865. Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Hattaway, Herman and Archer Jones, How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1983.

Heatwole, John L. The Burning: Sheridan in the Shenadoah Valley. Charlottesville: Rockbridge Publishing, 1998.

Hesseltine, William. Lincoln and the War Governors. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1948.

Holt, Michael F. Forging a Majority: The Formation of the Republican Party in Pittsburgh, 1848-1860. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969.

Holt, Michael F. The Political Crisis of the 1850s. New York: Wiley, 1978.

Holt, Michael F. Political Parties and American Political Development From the Age of Jackson to the Age of Lincoln. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992.

Huston, James. The Panic of 1857 and the Coming of the Civil War.Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987.

Jordan, Ervin L., Jr. Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees in Civil War Virginia. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1995.

Kelley, Robert. The Cultural Pattern in American Politics: The First Century. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979.

Knupfer, Peter. The Union as It Is: Constitutional Unionism and Sectional Compromise, 1787-1861. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991.

Kohl, Lawrence The Politics of Individualism: Parties and the American Character in the Jacksonian Era. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Lewis, Thomas A. The Shenandoah in Flames: The Valley Campaign of 1864. Alexandria: Time-Life Books, 1987.

Mahon, Michael G. The Shenandoah Valley, 1861-1865: The Destruction of the Granary of the Confederacy. Stackpole Books, 1999.

May, C. E. Life Under Four Flags in North River Basin of Virginia. Verona, VA: McClure Press, 1976.

McCormick, Richard L. The Party Period and Public Policy.New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

McPherson, James. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Miller, William J. Mapping for Stonewall: The Civil War Service of Jed. Hotchkiss. Washington, DC: Elliot & Clark Publishing, 1993.

Potter, David.The Impending Crisis, 1848-1861. New York: Harper and Row, 1976.

Potter, David. Lincoln and His Party in the Secesion Crisis.Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1995.

Power, J. Tracy. Lee's Miserables: Life in the Army of Northern Virginia from the Wilderness to Appomattox. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.

Royster, Charles. The Destructive War: William Tecumseh Sherman, Stonewall Jackson and the Americans. New York: Vintage Books, 1991.

Sewell, Richard. A House Divided: Sectionalism and Civil War, 1848- 1865. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.

Stampp, Kenneth. And the War Came: The North and the Secession Crisis, 1860-61. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1950.

Stampp, Kenneth. America in 1857: A Nation on the Brink. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Supplement to the Official Records, Part II Record of Events. Wilmington, NC: Broadfoot Publishing Company, 1998.

Wallace, Lee A. Jr., 5th Virginia Infantry. Lynchburg: H. E. Howard, 1988.

Selected Bibliography by Topic

Free Blacks in Augusta Co.:

Berlin, Ira. Slaves Without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South. New York: Pantheon Books, 1974.

Guild, Jane Purcell. Black Laws of Virginia: A Summary of the Legislative Acts of Virginia Concerning Negroes From Earliest Time to the Present. New York: Negro Universities Press, 1969.

Jackson, Luther Porter. Free Negro Labor and Property Holding in Virginia, 1830-1860. New York: D. Appleton-Century Company, 1942.

Johnson, Franklin. The Development of State Legislation Concerning The Free Negro. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1979.

Johnson, Michael P. and James L. Roark. Black masters : a free family of color in the old South. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1984.

Lebsock, Suzanne. The free women of Petersburg : status and culture in a southern town, 1784-1860. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1984.

Russell, John Henderson. The Free Negro in Virginia, 1619-1865.Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1913.

General Sources in American Religious History:

Ahlstrom, Sydney E. A Religious History of The American People. New Haven, 1972.

Billington, Ray Allen. The Protestant Crusade: A Study of the Origins of American Nativism, 1800-1860. Chicago, 1964.

Benson, Louis F. The English Hymn: Its Development and Use in Worship. Richmond, 1962.

Boyer, Paul S. Urban Masses and Moral Order in America, 1820 - 1920. Cambridge, Mass., 1978.

Bruce, Dickson D., Jr. And They All Sang Hallelujah: Plain-Folk Camp-Meeting Religion, 1800-1845. Knoxville, 1974.

Coles, Charles C. The Social Ideas of the Northern Evangelists, 1836-1860. New York, 1954.

Chase, Gilbert. America's Music from the Pilgrim to the Present. Second Edition. New York, 1966.

Cherry, Conrad. God's New Israel: Religious Interpretations of American Destiny. Engelwood Cliffs, N.J., 1971.

Dunham, Chester F. The Attitude of the Northern Clergy Toward the South, 1860-1865. Toledo, 1942.

Frederickson, George M. The Inner Civil War: Northern Intellectuals and the Crisis of the Union. New York, 1965.

Friedman, Lawrence J. Gregarious Saints: Self and Community in American Abolitionism, 1830 - 1870. New York, 1982.

Gaustad, Edwin S. Historical Atlas of Religion in America. New York, 1962.

Goen, C. C. Broken Churches, Broken Nation: Denominational Schisms and the Coming of the American Civil War. Macon, 1985.

Griffin, Clifford S. Their Brothers' Keepers: Moral Stewardship in the United States, 1800-1865. New Brunswick, 1960.

Gusfield, Joseph R. Symbolic Crusade: Status Politics and the American Temperance Movement. Urbana, Illinois, 1963.

Handy, Robert T. A Christian America: Protestant Hopes and Historical Realities. Second Edition. New York, 1984.

Hardesty, N. A. Women Called to Witness: Evangelical Feminism in the Nineteenth Century. 1984.

Hatch, Nathan O. The Democratization of American Christianity. New Haven, 1989.

Hatch, Nathan O., Mark A. Noll, eds. The Bible in America: Essays in Cultural History. New York, 1982.

Hill, Samuel S., Jr. Southern Churches in Crisis. New York, 1967.

Hofstadter, Richard. Anti-intellectualism in American Life. New York, 1963.

Holifield, E. Brooks. The Gentlemen Theologians: American Theology in Southern Culture, 1795-1860. Durham, 1978.

Hollinger, David A., Charles Capper, eds. The American Intellectual Tradition: A Sourcebook. Two Volumes. New York, 1989.

Hudson, Winthrop S. Religion In America: An historical account of the development of American religious life. Third Edition. New York, 1981.

Hughes, R. T., eds. The American Quest for the Primitive Church. 1988.

Loveland, Anne C. Southern Evangelicals and the Social Order, 1800 - 1860. Baton Rouge, 1980.

Jackson, George Pullen. White Spirituals in the Southern Uplands. Chapel Hill, 1933.

Jackson, George Pullen. White and Negro Spirituals. New York, 1943.

MacMaster, Richard K. Land, Piety, Peoplehood: The Establishment of Mennonite Communities in America 1683-1790. Scottdale, Pennsylvania, 1985.

Mathews, Donald G. Religion in the Old South. Chicago, 1977.

Marty, Martin E. "Ethnicity: The Skeleton of Religion in America," Church History 41 (March 1972): 9-14.

Marty, Martin E. The Kingdom of God in America. Revised Edition. 1988.

Marty, Martin E. Righteous Empire, the Protestant Experience in America. New York, 1970. McLoughlin, William G. The American Evangelicals, 1800-1900. 1968.

McLoughlin, William G. Revivals, Awakenings and Reform: An Essay on Religion and Social Change in America. Chicago, 1978.

Mead, Frank Spencer. Handbook of Denominations in the United States. Eighth Edition. Nashville, 1985.

Mead, Sydney: The Lively Experiment: The Shaping of American Christianity. 1963.

Moorhead, James H. American Apocalypse: Yankee Protestants and the Civil War, 1860-1869. New Haven, 1978.

Moorhead, James H. "Searching for the Millennium in America," The Princeton Seminary Bulletin. Volume VII, No. 2. (1987), p.17-33.

Noll, Mark A., et. al., eds. Eerdman's Handbook to Christianity in America. 1983.

Singleton, Gregory H. "Protestant Voluntary Organizations and the Shaping of Victorian America." Victorian America, ed. Daniel Walker Howe. Philadelphia, 1976.

Smith, H. Shelton. In His Image, But : Racism in Southern Religion, 1780-1910. Durham, 1972.

Smith, H. Shelton, Robert T. Handy, and Lefferts A. Loetscher, eds. American Christianity, 2 Volumes. New York, 1960.

Smith, Timothy L. "Congregation, State, and Denomination: The Forming of the American Religious Structure." William and Mary Quarterly 25 (April, 1968): 155-176.

Smith, Timothy L. Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War. Baltimore, 1957.

Smith, Timothy L. Revivalism and Social Reform in Mid-Nineteenth Century America. Nashville, 1957.

Smylie, James H. "Phases in Protestant-Roman Catholic Relations in the United States: Monologue, Debate and Dialogue." Religion In Life 34 (1965).

Stroupe, Henry S. The Religious Press in the Southern Atlantic States, 1802-1865; An Annotated Bibliography with Historical Introduction and Notes. Durham, 1956.

Stewart, James Brewer. Holy Warriors: The Abolitionists and American Slavery. New York, 1976.

Sweet, William Warren. Religion in the Development of American Culture, 1765-1840. New York, 1952.

Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994.

Tuveson, Ernest L. Redeemer Nation: The Idea of America's Millennial Role. Chicago, 1968.

Walters, Ronald G. American Reformer, 1815-1860. New York, 1978.

Weisberger, Bernard A. They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and Their Impact Upon Religion in America. Boston, 1958.

Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. Yankee Saints and Southern Sinners. Baton Rouge, 1985.

African-American Religion:

Boles, John B. ed. Masters and Slaves in the House of the Lord: Race and Religion in the American South, 1740-1870. Lexington, Kentucky, 1988.

Earnest, Joseph B. The Religious Development of the Negro in Virginia. Charlottesville, 1914.

Frazier, E. Franklin. The Negro Church in America. New York, 1963.

Genovese, Eugene D. Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made. New York, 1972.

Jackson, Luther P. "Religious Development of the Negro in Virginia, From 1760 to 1860." Journal of Negro History, 16 (April 1931).

Lincoln, C. Eric. The Black Church Since Frazier. New York, 1974.

Moore, Le Roy, Jr. "The Spiritual: Soul of Black Religion." American Quarterly 23 (December, 1971).

Raboteau, Albert J. Slave Religion: The "Invisible Institution" in the Antebellum South. New York, 1978.

Sernett, Milton C. Black Religion and American Evangelicalism: White Protestants, Plantation Missions, and the Flowering of Negro Christianity, 1787-1865. Metuchen, N.J., 1975.

Smith, Timothy. "Slavery and Theology: The Emergence of Black Christian Consciousness in Nineteenth Century America." Church History XLI (1972).

Anabaptists, Church of the Brethren, Church of God, Dunkers, Tunkers, Amish, and Mennonites:

Anderson, Robert M. Vision Of The Disinherited: The Making of American Pentecostalism. Peabody, Massachusetts, 1979.

Brunk, Harry Anthony. History of Mennonites in Virginia 1727 -1900. 2 Volumes. Staunton, Virginia, 1959-72.

Hostetler, John A. Amish Society. Baltimore, 1980.

Kraybill, Donald B. The Riddle of Amish Culture. Baltimore, 1989.

Longenecker, Stephen L. Piety and Tolerance: Pennsylvania German Religion, 1700 - 1850. Metuchen., 1994.

MacMaster, Richard, K. Land, Piety, Peoplehood: The Establishment of Mennonite Communities in America 1683-1790. Scottdale, Pennsylvania, 1985.

Redekop, Calvin W. Mennonite Society. Baltimore, 1989.

Sachse, Julius Friedrich. The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania; A Critical and Legendary History of the Ephrata Cloister and the Dunkers. New York, 1971.

Schlabach, Theron F. "Mennonites, Revivalism, Modernity - 1638-1850," Church History. (December 1979).

Wayland, John W. The German Element of the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Charlottesville, 1907.

Wenger, John Christian. The Mennonite Church in America, Sometimes Called Old Mennonites. Scottdale, Pennsylvania, 1966.

Wust, Klaus. The Virginia Germans. Charlottesville, 1969.

Baptists:

Alley, Reuben E. A History of Baptists in Virginia. Richmond, 1973.

Baker, Robert A. Relations Between Northern and Southern Baptists. Fort Worth, 1948.

Daniel, W. Harrison. "Virginia Baptists and the Negro in the Antebellum Era." Journal of Negro History, 56 (January, 1971).

Eighmy, John Lee. Churches in Cultural Captivity: A History of the Social Attitudes of Southern Baptists. Knoxville, 1972.

Haynes, Dudley C. The Baptist Denomination: Its History, Doctrines, and Ordinances. New York, 1857.

Semple, Robert B. A History of the Rise and Progress of the Baptists in Virginia. Revised and extended by Rev. G. W. Beale. Richmond: 1894.

Disciples of Christ:

Garrison, Winfred E. and Alfred T. DeGroot. The Disciples of Christ: A History. St. Louis, 1948.

Harrell, David E. Quest for a Christian America: The Disciples of Christ to 1866. Nashville, 1966.

Judaism:

Davis, Moshe. "Jewish Religious Life and Institutions in America: An Historical Study." The Jews: Their History, Culture, and Religion. ed. Louis Finkelstein. New York, 1949.

Fuchs, Lawrence. Political Behavior of American Jews. Glencoe, Illinois, 1956.

Glazer, Nathan. American Judaism. Second Edition, Revised. Chicago, 1972.

Levy, Beryl Harold. Reform Judaism in America. New York, 1933.

Markins, Isaac. The Hebrews in America. New York, 1975.

Rischin, Moses. An Inventory of American Jewish History. Cambridge, Mass., 1954.

Silverstein, Alan. Alternatives to Assimilation: The Response of Reform Judaism to American Culture, 1840-1930. Hanover, 1994.

Sklare, Marshall. Conservative Judaism: An American Religious Movement. Glencoe, Illinois, 1955.

Lutherans:

Arden, G. Everett. The Interrelationship Between Cultus and Theology in the History of the Lutheran in America. Chicago, 1944.

Jacobs, Henry E. A History of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States. New York, 1903.

Repp, Arthur Christian. Luther's Catechism Comes to America: Theological Effects on the Issues of the Small Catechism Prepared In or For America Prior to 1850. Metuchen, New Jersey, 1982.

Schmucker, Samuel Simon. The American Lutheran Church. New York, 1969.

Sprague, William Buell. Annals of the American Pulpit. New York, 1859.

Tappert, Theodore Gerhardt, ed. Lutheran Confessional Theology in America, 1840 - 1880. New York, 1972.

Wolf, Edmund J. The Lutherans in America. New York, 1890.

Methodists:

Bradley, David H. A History of the A.M.E. Zion Church. 2 Volumes. Nashville, 1956- 1970.

Bucke, Emory Stevens. ed. The History of American Methodism. Nashville, 1964.

Clark, Robert D. "Methodist Debates and Union Sentiment on the Border 1860-1861."

Antislavery and Disunion, 1858-1861: Studies in the Rhetoric of Compromise and Conflict. ed. John Jeffrey Auer. New York, 1963.

Chiles, Robert E. Theological Transition in American Methodism, 1790-1935. Nashville, 1965.

Mathews, Donald G. Slavery and Methodism; A Chapter in American Morality. Princeton, 1965.

Norwood, John Nelson. The Schism in the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1844: A Study of Slavery and Ecclesiastical Politics. New York, 1923.

Smith, Charles S. A History of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Reprint. New York, 1968.

Sweet, William Warren. Methodism in American History. Revised Edition. Nashville, 1953.

Presbyterian:

Blanks, W. D. "Corrective Church Discipline in the Presbyterian Churches of the Nineteenth Century South.." Journal of Presbyterian History 44 (June 1966): 89- 105.

Boyd, Lois A. and R. Douglas Brackenridge. Presbyterian Women in America: Two Centuries of a Quest For Status. Westport, 1983.

Marsden, George M. The Evangelical Mind and the New School Presbyterian Experience: A Case Study of Thought and Theology in Nineteenth-Century America. New Haven, 1970.

Melton, Julius. Presbyterian Worship in America: Changing Patterns Since 1787. Richmond, 1967.

Monroe, Haskell. "Southern Presbyterians and the Secession Crisis." Civil War History 6 (1960).

Murray, Andrew E. Presbyterians and the Negro A History. Philadelphia, 1966.

Pope, Earl A. New England Calvinism and the Disruption of the Presbyterian Church. New York, 1987.

Staiger, C. Bruce. "Abolitionism and the Presbyterian Church Schism, 1837-38." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 36 (1949).

Thompson, Ernest Trice. Presbyterians in the South, 1607-1861. Richmond, 1963.

Thompson, Ernest Trice. The Spirituality of the Church: A Distinctive Doctrine of the Presbyterian Church in the United States. Richmond, 1961.

Thompson, Robert E. A History of the Presbyterian Churches in the United States. New York, 1895.

Nichols, James H. Romanticism in American Theology: Nevin and Schaff at Mercersburg. Chicago, 1961.

Roman Catholic:

Chinnici, Joseph P. "Organization of the Spiritual Life: American Catholic Devotional Works, 1791-1866." Theological Studies 40 (June 1979).

Davis, Cyprian., O.S.B. The History of Black Catholics in The United States. New York, 1993.

Dolan, Jay P. The American Catholic Experience: A History from Colonial Times to the Present. Notre Dame, Ind., 1992.

Dolan, Jay P. Catholic Revivalism: The American Experience 1830-1900. Notre Dame, Ind., 1978.

Ellis, John Tracy, ed. Documents of American Catholic History. Chicago, 1967.

Ewens, Mary, O.P. The Role of the Nun in Nineteenth Century America. New York, 1978.

Fogarty, Gerald P., S.J. American Catholic Biblical Scholarship: A History from the Early Republic to Vatican II. New York, 1989.

Hennesey, James, S.J. American Catholics: A History of the Roman Catholic Community in the United States. New York, 1981.

Miller, Randall M. and Jon L. Wakelyn, eds. Catholics in the Old South. Macon, 1983.

Shea, John Gilmary. History of the Catholic Church in the United States. 4 Volumes. Akron, 1886-1892.

Augusta County Church History:

Biographical Sketches of Lutheran Pastors in Virginia 1820-1987. Salem Virginia: Archives Committee for Biographical Sketches, 1992.

Brown, David J., ed. Staunton, Virginia: A Pictorial History. Staunton: Historic Staunton Foundation, 19??.

Brown, Katherine L. Hills Of The Lord: Background of the Episcopal Church in Southwestern Virginia 1738-1938. Roanoke: The Diocese of Southwestern Virginia, 1979.

Central Evangelical Lutheran Church and Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church: A Record of One Hundred Years of Church Life 1853-1953. Staunton, 1953.

Clem, Gladys Bauserman. One Hundred and Fifty Years of Methodism in Staunton, Virginia. Staunton, Virginia, 1947.

Eisenberg, William Edward. The Lutheran Church in Virginia 1717-1962. Roanoke: Lutheran Chrch in America, 1967.

First Presbyterian Church, Waynesboro. Commemorating the Centennial of the First Presbyterian Church, Waynesboro, Virginia, May 5-6, 1946. Waynesboro, 1946.

Funkhouser, Abram Paul. History of the United Brethren in Christ, Virginia Conference. Dayton, Virginia, 1921.

Gordon, Armistead C. Staunton, Virginia Its Past, Present and Future. New York: The South Publishing Company, publication date unknown.

Hebron Presbyterian Church, Augusta County, Virginia. The History of Hebron Presbyterian Church, Staunton, Virginia. Staunton, 1946.

Historical and Anniversary Committee. Cline, Ruth and Gary Rosen, co-chairs. A Sesquicentennial History: Mount Tabor Lutheran Church 1839-1989. No date or publisher.

Hoge, Arista. The First Presbyterian Church, Staunton, Virginia. Material Gathered and Arranged by Arista Hoge. Staunton, 1908.

Joyner, Peggy S. St. John's Church register, German Reformed and Lutheran, Augusta County, Virginia (1748), 1786-1872/ compiled by Peggy Shomo Joyner. Portsmouth, Virginia, 1995.

MacMaster, Richard K. Augusta County History 1865-1950. Staunton: Augusta County Historical Society, 1964.

Nix, Jerry S. One Hundred Sixty Years History of Bethel Presbyterian Church, 1812- 1972. Burlington, 197_

Pancake, Frank Robbins. A Historical Sketch of the First Presbyterian Church. Richmond: Whittet & Shepperson, Printers, 1954.

Peyton, J. Lewis. History of Augusta County, Virginia. 2nd Edition. Harrisonburg: C. J. Carrier Company, 1972.

Poague, Rowan E. History of Old Providence Church; prepared for Home Coming Day at Old Providence Church, Aug. 10, 1929. Staunton, 1929.

Ramsey, James W. A History of Mount Carmel Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.): Steeles Tavern (Midway) Virginia, organized July 15, 1837. Verona, Virginia, 1987.

Robson, Lizzie G. A Sketch of Mossy Creek Church, Mossy Creek, Virginia from 1769 to 1898. Bridgewater, 1898.

Sanders, Robert Stuart. Sketch of Mount Horeb Presbyterian Church, 1827-1952, commemorating the one-hundredth [!] and twenty-fifth anniversary of its found and the thirtieth anniversary of the pastorate of Dr. Thomas Wallis Rainey. Lexington, Kentucky, 1952.

Sellers, Robert L. III, comp. The Veterans of Thornrose Cemetery, 1991 Genealogy Collection, Staunton Public Library

Strauss, Fannie B. "The Jewish Community in Staunton," Augusta County Historical Journal ?, p.20 -27

Turner, Herbert S. A History of Bethel Presbyterian Church. Staunton, 1925-1932.

Turner, Herbert S. Bethel and Her Ministers 1746-1946. Verona, 1946.

Van Devanter, J. N. History of the Augusta Church from 1737 to 1900. Staunton: The Ross Printing Company, 1900.

Waddell, Joseph Addison. Address at the Celebration of the 150th Anniversary of Augusta Stone Church. N.P., 1899.

Waynesboro Presbyterian Church. Organization, Program and Membership. First Presbyterian Church, Founded 1846, Waynesboro, Virginia. Staunton, 1961.

Wilson, Howard McKnight. The Tinkling Spring, Headwater of Freedom: A Study of the Church and Her People, 1732 - 1952. Fishersville, Virginia, 1954.

Franklin County Church History:

Bowen, Henry W. ed. A Century of Church History: The Legacy of Philip Schaff. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1988.

The Centennial Memorial of the Presbytery of Carlisle: A series of papers, historical and biographical, relating to the origin and growth of Presbyterianism in the central and eastern part of southern Pennsylvania. Two Volumes. Harrisburg: Meyers Printing and Publishing House, 1889.

Historic Years of The Presbyterian Church Waynesboro, Pennsylvania 1736-1975. Waynesboro, PA: Complied and published by the Amberson Family, 1975.

Kinter, W. L. A History of the Central Presbyterian Church. Chambersburg, PA, 1943.

Kurtz, Benjamin, D.D. The Serial Catechism, or Progressive Instructor For Children: Adapted to Their Gradual Growth In Years And Knowledge, Comprehending Three Numbers, Prepared With A Special View to Infant and Sunday Schools. Number One. Baltimore: T. Newton Kurtz, 1853.

Myers, Betsy, ed. We The People: History of The Upper West Conococheague Presbyterian Church Mercersburg, Pennsylvania 17138-1988.

The Presbyterian Churches of Path Valley - Amberson Valley 1766 - 1966. Shippensburg: Beidel Printing House, 1966.

Schaff, Philip. America. A Sketch of The Political, Social, and Religious Character of The United States of North America. New York: C. Scribner, 1855.

Stewart, Jerry and Janet Zimmerman, eds. The Presbyterian Church of Falling Spring 1734-1984 Cumberland Valley: Cumberland Valley Offset, 1984.

Wiser, Frederick, trans., Franklin County Church Records, Vol. 1: Second Evangelical Lutheran Church, Chambersburg. Parish Registers, 1835-1922.

Military History:

Amann, William F. Personnel of the Civil War. 2 vols. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1961.

Clark, Champ. Decoying the Yanks: Jackson's Valley Campaign. Alexandria: Time-Life Books, 1984.

Davis, William C. First Blood: Fort Sumter to Bull Run. Alexandria: Time- Life Books, 1983.

Dornbusch, Charles E. Military Bibliography of the Civil War. New York: New York Public Library, 1971-87.

Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion.2 vols. Des Moines, Iowar: the author, 1908. Reprint. New York: Thomas Y. Yoseloff, 1959.

Lewis, Thomas A. The Shenandoah in Flames: The Valley Campaign of 1864. Alexandria: Time-Life Books, 1987.

Musick, Michael P. "Civil War Records: An Introduction and Invitation." Civil War Records. Summer, 1995, 145-171.

Neagles, James C. U. S. Military Records: A Guide to Federal and State Sources, Colonial America to the Present. Salt Lake City, Ut.: Ancestry Incorporated, 1994.

Schwitzer, Gorge K. Civil War Geneology. Knoxville, Tenn.:the author, 1982.

Union Military History:

Bates, Samuel. History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-5.Harrisburg, Pa.:B. Singerly, State Printer, 1869-71.

Beers, Henry Putney and Kenneth W. Munden. Guide to Federal Archives Reelating to the Civil War. Washington, D.C., 1962. Reprinted as The Union . . . 1986.

Blacks in the United States Armed Forces: Basic Doscuments.Edited by Morris J. MacGregor and Bernard C. Nalty. 13 vols. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1977.

Powell, William H. Officers of the Army and Navy (regular) Who Served in the Civil War. Philadelphia: L. R. Hamersly, 1892.

Roll of Honor: Names of Soldiers Who Died in Defense of the American Union. 27 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1865-71.

Sauers, Richard Allen. Advance the Colors!: Pennsylvania Civil War Battle Flags. Harrisburg, Pa.: Capitol Preservation Committee, 1987, 1991.

U. S. Adjutant General's Office. Official Army Register of the Volunteer Force of the United States Army for the Years 1861,, '62, '63, '64, '65.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1865. Reprint. Gathersburg, Md.:Ron R. Van Sickle Military Books, 1987, vols. 1-8.

Confederate Military History:

Beers, Henry Putney. Guide to the Archives of the Government of the Confederate States of America. Washington, D.C., 1968. Reprinted as The Confederacy . . ., 1986.

Brock, R. A. The Appomattox Roster: Proles of the Army of Northern Virginia . . . . Richmond, Va. Reprint. New York: The Antiquarian Press, 1962.

Confederate Roll of Honor. Mattituck, N.Y.: J. M. Carroll & Co., 1885.

Confederate Veteran. 40 vols. Nashville, Tenn.: Confederate Veteran, 1893-1932. Cumulative Index to the Confederate Veteran Magazine, 1893-1932. 3 vols. Wilmington, N.C.: Broadfoot, 1986.

Crute, Joseph H., Jr. Confederate Staff Officers, 1861-1865.Powhatan, Va.:Derwent Books, 1982.

Dotson, Claude, comp. List of Field officers, Regiments and Battalions in the Confederate States Army, 1861-1865. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1899. Reprint. Macon, Ga.: J. W. Burke Co., 1912. Reprint. Mattituck, N.Y.: J. M. Carroll & Co., 1983.

Driver, Robert J. Jr. 52nd Virginia Infantry. Lynchburg, Va.: H. E. Howard, Inc., 1986.

-----------. 1st Virginia Cavalry. Lynchburg, Va.: H. E. Howard, Inc., 1991.

-----------. 14th Virginia Cavalry. Lynchburg, Va.: H. E. Howard, Inc., 1988.

-----------. Staunton Artillery, McLanahan's Battery.Lynchburg, Va.: H. E. Howard, Inc., 1994.

Miller, William J. Mapping For Stonewall: The Civil War Service of Jed Hotchkiss. Washington. D.C.: Elliott & Clark Publishing, 1993.

Register of Officers of the Confederate States Navy, 1861-1865.Washington, D. C.: Government

Printing Office, 1931. Reprint. Mattituck, N.Y.: J. M. Carroll & Co., 1983.

Roster of Confederate Pensioners of Virginia. Richmond, 1912, 1914, 1920, 1922, 1926.

Sifakis, Stewart. Compendium of the Confederate Armies. 5 vols. New York: Facts on File, 1992.

U. S. War Department. List of Staff Officers of the Confederate States Army.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1891. Reprint. Mattituck, N.Y.: J. M. Carroll & Co., 1983.

Wallace, Lee A., Jr. A Guide to Virginia Military Organizations, 1861-1865.Lynchburg, Va.: H. E. Howard, Inc., 1986.

----------. 5th Virginia Infantry. Lynchburg, Va.: H. E. Howard, Inc., 1988.

Material Culture:

Allen, Gloria Seaman and Nancy Gibson Tuckhorn, A Maryland Album: Quilt Making Traditions, 1634 - 1934 (Nashville, Tennessee: Rutledge Hill Press, 1995).

Ames, Kenneth L. "Furniture Study: Moving Into the Mainstream," in Victorian Furniture: Essays from a Victorian Society Autumn Symposium, Published as Nineteenth Century: Vol. 8, Nos. 3-4, 1982 by The Victorian Society in America, ed. Kenneth L. Ames, pgs. 10-15.

Ames, Kenneth L. "Meaning in Artifacts: Hall Furnishings in Victorian America," in Common Places: Readings in American Vernacular, ed. Dell Upton and John Michael Vlach (Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1986), pgs.240-260.

Bishop, Robert and William Secord, and Judith Reiter Weissman, Quilts, Coverlets, Rugs and Samplers (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982).

Bowen, Helen. "The Ancient Art of Quilting," in Needlework: An Historical Survey, Betty Ring, ed.(Pittsdown, New Jersey: The Main Street Press, 1984), pgs. 105-109.

Butler, Joseph T. in collaboration with Kathleen Eagen Johnson, and illustrations by Ray Skibinski, Field Guide to American Antique Furniture (New York: Facts on File Publications, 1985).

Chappell, Edward A. "Acculturation in the Shenandoah Valley: Rhenish Houses of the Massanutten Settlement," in Common Places: Readings in American Vernacular, ed. Dell Upton and John Michael Vlach (Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1986), pgs. 27-57.

Clark, Ricky. "The Needlework of an American Lady: Social History in Quilts,"in In the Heart of Pennsylvania: Symposium Papers, ed. Jeannette Lasansky, et. al. (Lewisburg, Pennsylvania: Oral Traditions Project of the Union County Historical Society, 1986), pgs. 65-75.

Lasansky, Jeannette. "The Typical Versus the Unusual: Distortions of Time," in In the Heart of Pennsylvania: Symposium Papers, ed. Jeannette Lasansky, et. al. (Lewisburg, Pennsylvania: Oral Traditions Project of the Union County Historical Society, 1986), pgs. 56-63.

Fairbanks, Jonathan L. and Elizabeth Bidwell Bates, American Furniture: 1620 to the Present(New York: Richard Marek Publishers, 1981).

Faude, Wilson H. "They Don't Make It Anymore,"in Victorian Furniture: Essays from a Victorian Society Autumn Symposium, Published as Nineteenth Century: Vol. 8, Nos. 3-4, 1982 by The Victorian Society In America, ed. Kenneth L. Ames, pgs. 37-42.

Fennimore, Donald L. "Fine Points of Furniture, American Empire: Late, Later, Latest," in Victorian Furniture: Essays from a Victorian Society Autumn Symposium, Published as Nineteenth Century: Vol. 8, Nos. 3-4, 1982 by The Victorian Society In America, ed. Kenneth L. Ames, pgs. 45-53.

Fitzgerald, Oscar P. Three Centuries of American Furniture (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice- Hall, 1982).

Forrest, John and Deborah Blincoe, with illustrations by the authors, The Natural History of the Traditional Quilt (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995).

Fleming, E. McClung. "Artifact Study: A Proposed Model," in Material Culture Studies In America: An Anthology, ed. Thomas J. Schlereth (Nashville, Tennessee: The American Association for State and Local History, 1982), pgs. 162-173.

Price, Edward T. "The Central Courthouse Square In the American County Seat," in Common Places: Readings In American Vernacular, ed. Dell Upton and John Michael Vlach (Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1986), pgs. 124-145.

Fox, Sandi. For Purpose and Pleasure: Quilting Together In Nineteenth-Century America(Nashville, Tennessee: Rutledge Hill Press, 1995).

Green, Harvey. "The Ironies of Style: Complexities and Contradictions in American Decorative Arts, 1850-1900," In Victorian Furniture: Essays from a Victorian Society Autumn Symposium, Published as Nineteenth Century: Vol. 8, Nos. 3-4, 1982 by The Victorian Society In America, ed. Kenneth L. Ames, pgs. 19-34.

Herr, Patricia T. "What Distinguishes a Pennsylvania Quilt," in In the Heart of Pennsylvania: Symposium Papers, ed. Jeannette Lasansky, et. al. (Lewisburg, Pennsylvania: Oral Traditions Project of the Union County Historical Society, 1986), pgs. 28-37.

Hesseltine, William B. "The Challenge of the Artifact," in Material Culture Studies In America: An Anthology, ed. Thomas J. Schlereth (Nashville, Tennessee: The American Association for State and Local History, 1982), pgs. 93-100.

van der Hoof, Gail. "Various Aspects of Dating Quilts," in In the Heart of Pennsylvania: Symposium Papers, ed. Jeannette Lasansky, et. al. (Lewisburg, Pennsylvania: Oral Traditions Project of the Union County Historical Society, 1986), pgs. 76-83.

Maines, Rachel "Paradigms of Scarcity and Abundance: The Quilt as an artifact of the Industrial Revolution," in In the Heart of Pennsylvania: Symposium Papers, ed. Jeannette Lasansky, et. al. (Lewisburg, Pennsylvania: Oral Traditions Project of the Union County Historical Society, 1986), pgs. 84-89.

Montgomery, Charles F. "The Connoisseurship of Artifacts," In Material Culture Studies In America: An Anthology, ed. Thomas J. Schlereth (Nashville, Tennessee: The American Association for State and Local History, 1982), pgs. 143-152.

Nobel, Allen G. Wood, Brick, and Stone: The North American Landscape, Volume 1: Houses(Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1984).

Poesch, Jessie. The Art of the Old South: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, the Products of Craftsmen, 1560-1860 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1983).

Rubin, Cynthia Elyce ed. Southern Folk Art (Birmingham, Alabama: Oxmoor House, Inc., 1985) Schlereth, Thomas J. "Material Culture Studies In America, 1876-1976,"in Material Culture Studies In America: An Anthology, ed. Thomas J. Schlereth (Nashville, Tennessee: The American Association for State and Local History, 1982), pgs. 1-75.

Schlereth, Thomas J. "Preface: On Studying Things They Left Behind," in Material Culture Studies In America: An Anthology, ed. Thomas J. Schlereth (Nashville, Tennessee: The American Association for State and Local History, 1982), pgs. xiii-xvi.

Seidler, Jan M. "A Tradition In Transition: The Boston Furniture Industry, 1840-1880," in Victorian Furniture: Essays from a Victorian Society Autumn Symposium, Published as Nineteenth Century: Vol. 8, Nos. 3-4, 1982 by The Victorian Society In America, ed. Kenneth L. Ames, pgs. 67-83.

Swan, Susan Burrows. "Quilt Making Within Women's Repertoire,"in In the Heart of Pennsylvania: Symposium Papers, ed. Jeannette Lasansky, et. al. (Lewisburg, Pennsylvania: Oral Traditions Project of the Union County Historical Society, 1986), pgs. 8-15.

Census and Data Analysis:

Anderson, Margo J. The American Census: A Social History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988.

Bode, Frederick A. and Donald E. Ginter. Farm Tenancy and the Census in Antebellum Georgia. Athens: The University Press of Georgia, 1987.

Wright, Carroll D. The History and Growth of the United States Census. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1900.

Photographic History:

Abell, Sam. Distant Thunder: A Photographic Essay on the American Civil War. text by Brian C. Pohanka. Charlottesville, Va.: Thomasson-Grant, 1988.

Abell, Sam. The Civil War: An Aerial Portrait. text by Brian C. Pohanka. Charlottesville, Va.: Thomasson-Grant, 1990 .

Blay, John S. The Civil War: A Pictorial Profile. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1958.

Davis, William C. ed. and William A. Frassanito photographic consultant. Touched By Fire: A Photographic Portrait of the Civil War, Volume One. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1985.

Donald, David ed. Divided We Fought: A Pictorial History of the War, 1861-1865. New York: McMillan Company, 1961.

Forbes, Edwin. Thirty Years After: An Artist's Memoir of the Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1993.

Miller, Francis Trevelyan, ed. The Photographic History of the Civil War, Volumes One-Five. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1957.

Neely, Jr., Mark E., Harold Holzer, and Gabor S. Boritt. The Confederate Image: Prints of the Lost Cause. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987.

Sullivan, Constance, ed.. Landscapes of the Civil War: Newly Discovered Photographs from the Medford Historical Society. with preface by Mark E. Neely, Jr., introduction by William F. Stapp, and text by Brian C. Pohanka. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995.

Thompson, Jr., W. Fletcher. The Image of War: The Pictorial Reporting of the American Civil War. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1959.

Augusta County History:

Brown, David J., ed. Staunton Virginia: A Pictorial History. Staunton: Historic Staunton Foundation, 1985.

Centenial Exhibition of Staunton and Augusta County During the Civil War: November 3 thru 20, 1961. King Building, Mary Baldwin College, Staunton, Va. Schmid's Printery, 1961.

Gordon, Armistead C. Staunton, Virginia: Its Past, Present, and Future. New York: South Publishing Co., 1890.

May, C. E. Life Under Four Flags in North River Basin of Virginia. Verona, Va.: McClure Press, 1976.

Peyton, J. Lewis. History of Augusta County. Bridgewater, Va., 1953.

Waddell, Joseph. Annals of Augusta County. Richmond: Wm. Ellis Jones, 1886.

Franklin County History:

Bates, Samuel. History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania. Chicago: Warner, Beers & Co., 1887.

Beers, D. G. Atlas of Franklin County, Pennsylvania: From Actual Surveys. Philadelphia: Pomeroy & Beers, 1868.

Biographical Annals of Franklin County, Pennsylvania. Chicago: The Genealogical Publishing Co., 1905.

Conrad, William P. Glory Land: A History of Greencastle's Negro Community. Shippensburg, Pa.: Beidel Printing House, 1983.

Donehoo, Dr. George P., ed. History of the Cumberland Valley in Pennsylvania. 2 vols. Harrisburg: Susquehanna History Association, 1930.

Fries, Stella M., Janet Z. Gabler, and The Reverend C. Bernard Ruffin. Some Chambersburg Roots: A Black Perspective. 1980.

Hutton, A. J. White. Some Historical Data Concerning the History of Chambersburg. Chambersburg: Franklin Repository, 1930.

McCauley, I. H. Historical Sketch of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, prepared for the Centennial Celebration. 2nd edition, enlarged. Harrisburg: Patriot Publishing Company, 1878.

Still, William. The Underground Railroad. Philadelphia: People's Publishing Company, 1879.



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