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Caption:Hiram Reeves, first Negro to sit in Congress, Taking the
Oath as United States Senator from Mississippi.
(Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper)
Source:Henry, Robert Selph. The Story of Reconstruction.
New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1940.
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Caption: No urban business was more popular or profitable among
free blacks than barbering. One lifelong resident of Richmond recalled
that he had never had his hair cut nor his beard trimmed by a white
barber.
Source:Schweininger, Loren. "The Roots of
Enterprise." The Virginia Magazine October 1992, vol. 100, no.
4, p 546.
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Caption: Prejudice
Source: Harper's Weekly
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Caption:
14. Cotton pickers accompanied by children. "Rose Mary Plantation Home
Album," ca. 1890-1910, Carmack Papers. Courtesy of the Southern
Historical Collecton, University of North Carolina.
Source:
King, Wilma. Stolen Youth. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press,
1995, p. 157.
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Source: Harper's Weekly
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Caption:
Unidentified Black Family. (New-York Historical Society.)
Source:
Foner, Eric. Reconstruction. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.
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Caption:
Women and children, Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia, May 14, 1864.
(Pencil drawing by Edwin Forbes, Library of Congress)
Source:
Berlin, Ira, et. al. Free At Last. New York: The New Press, 1992,
p. 237.
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Caption:
Women and children near Alexandria, Virginia.
(Private collection, courtesy of Micahel Musick)
Source:
Berlin, Ira, et. al. Free At Last. New York: The New Press, 1992,
p. 237.
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Caption:
Democratic Broadside, from Pennsylvania's Congressional and gubernatorial
campaign of 1866.
Source:
Foner, Eric. Reconstruction. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.
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Caption:
"The Freedmen's Bureau": the Bureau as promoter of racial peace in the
postwar South.
Source:
Foner, Eric. Reconstruction. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.
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Caption:
"The Riots in New York: The Mob Lynching a Negro in Clarkson Street."
(Illustrated London News, August 8, 1863)
Source:
Foner, Eric. Reconstruction. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.
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Caption:
Marriage ceremony of black soldier and a freedwoman at Vicksburg,
Mississippi.
(Harper's Weekly, June 30, 1866)
Source:
Berlin, Ira, et. al. Free At Last. New York: The New Press, 1992,
p. 430. |
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Caption:
13. Boys hauling moss--used for pillows and mattresses (undated; probably
late 1880s). Courtesy of the Cook Collection, Valentine Museum,
Richmond, Virginia.
Source:
King, Wilma. Stolen Youth. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press,
1995, p. 156. |
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Source:Harper's Weekly
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Source: Harper's Weekly
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Caption: Odor of Nigger Republican
Source: Harper's Weekly
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Caption:
Virginia Historical Society
The independence and good apy of oystering lured many freedmen away from
agriculture. Proficient tongers could earn as much as $7.50 a day.
Source:
Medford, Edna Green. "Land Labor." The Virginia
Magazine October 1994, vol. 100, no. 4, p 573. |
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Caption:
Virginia State Library
Although oyster shucking did not provide the same independence that
tonging did, the wages earned by shuckers could supplement family income,
ensure susistence, and make possible the acquisition of land.
Source:
Medford, Edna Green. "Land and Labor." The Virginia Magazine
October 1994, vol. 100, no. 4, p. 575.
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Caption:Patience on Monument
Source: Harper's Weekly
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Caption:
"Prayer Meeting"
(Harper's Weekly, February 2, 1867)
Source:
Foner, Eric. Reconstruction. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.
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Caption:
Black Refugees Crossing the Rappahannock River, Virginia, 1862.
Library of Congress
Source:
Foner, Eric. Reconstruction. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.
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Source:
Horst, Samuel L., editor. The Fire of Liberty in Their Hearts.
Richmond: Library of Virginia, 1996, p. 137.
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Caption:
African-Americans ran many of their own schools during Reconstruction,
although some fell under Jacob Yoder's supervision as superintendent for
the Lynchburg region.
Source:
Horst, Samuel L., editor. The Fire of Liberty in Their Hearts.
Richmond: Library of Virginia, 1996, p. xvii.
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Caption:
Images of Freedmen's Bureau schools, such as this Richmond classroom in
1866, appeared in teh northern press, emphasizing the role of northern
philanthropy in postwar South.
(Valentine Museum, Richmond, Virginia)
Source:
Horst, Samuel L., editor. The Fire of LIberty in Their Hearts.
Richmond: Library of Virginia, 1996, p. xix. |
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Caption:
An 1864 pamphlet solicited contributions for a school of Pennsylvania
Freedmen's Relief Association, the organization that sponsored Jacob
Yoder in Lynchburg.
(Library of Congress)
Source:
Horst, Samuel L., editor. The Fire of Liberty in Their Hearts.
Richmond: Library of VIrginia, 1996, p. xv.
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Caption:
Laura M. Towne and Pupils, 1886. One of the original "Gideonites," Towne
taught on the South Carolina Sea Islands until her death in 1901.
(New York Public Library, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture)
Source:
Foner, Eric. Reconstruction. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.
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Source:Harper's Weekly
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Source: Harper's Weekly
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Caption:
Virginia Historical Society
Black Norfolkians sought to secure their newly won rights through the
ballot box and through economic pressure. A group of African-Americans
declared in April 1865 that "traitors shall not dictate or prescribe to
us the terms of conditions of our citizenship, so help us God."
Source:
Hucles, Michael. "Many voices, similar concerns." The Virginia
Magazine October 1992, vol. 100, no. 4, p. 546.
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Caption: One vote less
Source:Harper's Weekly
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Caption: President Lincoln entering the White House of hte
Confederacy two days after the departure of President Davis.
(Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper)
Source: Henry, Robert Selfph. The Sotry of Reconstruction.
New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1940.
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